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Fouls
As set out by the Association of Boxing Commissions:[10]
Grabbing the fence
Holding opponent’s shorts or gloves
Head-butting
Biting or spitting at an opponent
Hair pulling
Fish-hooking
Intentionally placing a finger into any orifice, or into any cut or laceration of an opponent
Eye gouging of any kind
Groin attacks
Downward pointing of elbow strikes (see 12-6 elbow)
Small joint manipulation
Strikes to the spine or back of the head or anything behind the ears (see Rabbit punch)
Throat strikes of any kind, including, without limitation, grabbing the trachea
Fingers outstretched towards opponent's face/eyes
Clawing, pinching, twisting the flesh
Kicking and knee-striking the head of a grounded opponent (see Soccer kick)
Stomping an opponent on the ground
Swearing or offensive language in the cage (although nobody ever received deductions or disqualifications in fights)
Any unsportsmanlike conduct that causes an injury to opponent
Attacking an opponent during a break
Attacking an opponent who is under the care of the referee
Timidity (avoiding contact, consistent dropping of mouthpiece, or faking an injury)
Throwing opponent out of the ring/fighting area
Interference from a mixed martial artist's cornerman
Flagrant disregard of the referee’s instructions
Spiking an opponent to the canvas on his or her head or neck (see Piledriver)
Attacking an opponent after the bell has sounded the end of the period of unarmed combat
When a foul is charged, the referee in their discretion may deduct one or more points as a penalty. If a foul incapacitates a fighter, then the match may end in a disqualification if the foul was intentional, or a "no contest" if unintentional. If a foul causes a fighter to be unable to continue later in the bout, it ends with a technical decision win to the injured fighter if the injured fighter is ahead on points, otherwise it is a technical draw.